Tuesday, June 22, 2010

Lords

As you know, British parliament is made up of the the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

Unlike the latter, membership of the House of Lords is not attained by election but is instead made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. The former are 26 senior bishops of the Church of England, while the majority of the latter are life peers who are appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister. During the fifteenth century, the Lords were far more powerful than the Commons because of the great influence of the aristocrats and prelates of the realm. This superior position persisted until the 19th century, and only began to change in 1831, when the House of Commons passed a Reform Bill.

(You may wonder how could the Bill passed the House of Lords. That's easily solved by Earl Grey, the Prime Minister at that time, who advised the King William IV to overwhelm the opposition to the bill by creating many more members in the House of Lords who were pro-Reform.)

I shall not elaborate on the subsequent erosion of the Lords' power. Suffice to say, their right to reject a bill passed by the House of Commons is severely restricted by the Parliament Acts, where certain types of bills may be presented for the Royal Assent without the consent of the House of Lords, and they cannot delay other public bills for more than one year (so-called suspensive veto).

That's how civilized people do things.

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